Pension systems by country
Structured country pension profiles with eligibility, retirement age, contributions, benefits, portability, institutions, official sources, and a clear contributory versus social assistance distinction.
90 country profiles shown
The Algerian pension system is centered on the National Retirement Fund for retirement pensions, with CNAS and other social security institutions supporting the wider social protection framework.
The Argentine pension system combines ANSES contributory retirement benefits with the Universal Pension for Older Adults for people aged 65 or older without another pension.
The Armenian pension system combines state labor pensions, mandatory funded pensions and an old-age social pension for people without labor pension entitlement.
The Australian pension system combines a means-tested Age Pension with mandatory employer superannuation contributions and voluntary retirement savings.
The Austrian pension system is centred on statutory pension insurance for workers, with company and private pensions as supplements and a compensatory supplement for low pension income.
The Azerbaijani pension system is built around old-age labor pensions linked to insurance record and pension capital, with social allowances for people without labor pension entitlement.
The Bahraini pension system is administered by the Social Insurance Organization for covered workers and pensioners, with separate Ministry of Social Development cash assistance for eligible citizens.
The Bangladeshi pension system is expanding through the Universal Pension Scheme, while the Old Age Allowance remains a separate social assistance programme for poor older people.
The Barbadian pension system combines National Insurance old-age contributory pension rights with a separate non-contributory old-age pension for people who meet assistance conditions.
The Belgian pension system has statutory pensions for employees, self-employed workers and civil servants, supplemented by occupational pensions and the income guarantee for the elderly.
The Bolivian pension system combines the contribution-based Sistema Integral de Pensiones with Renta Dignidad, a public universal old-age transfer.
The Brazilian pension system combines RGPS social insurance pensions administered by INSS, separate public servant schemes, complementary pensions and BPC-Loas old-age assistance.
The Bulgarian pension system combines state social insurance, mandatory supplementary funded pension insurance for covered cohorts, voluntary saving and social support for older people with low income.
The Canadian pension system combines contributory Canada Pension Plan earnings-related benefits with Old Age Security, the Guaranteed Income Supplement and employer or personal retirement saving.
The Chilean pension system is known for mandatory individual pension accounts managed by private administrators, alongside state-financed guarantee and solidarity benefits.
The Chinese pension system combines broad basic old-age insurance coverage with enterprise or occupational annuities, newer private pension accounts and tax-financed social assistance for low-income households.
The Colombian pension system has combined Colpensiones public insurance, private pension funds and Colombia Mayor, with recent reform moving toward a pillar structure.
The Costa Rican pension system combines the CCSS IVM social insurance pension, mandatory complementary pension saving and a non-contributory pension regime for people without sufficient contributions.
The Croatian pension system combines compulsory first-pillar pension insurance, mandatory funded second-pillar saving for many workers, voluntary saving and means-tested support for people without enough resources.
The Cypriot pension system is centered on the Social Insurance Scheme statutory pension, with a separate social pension and low-income pensioner support alongside occupational retirement funds.
The Czech pension system is built around statutory pension insurance administered by the Czech Social Security Administration, with voluntary supplementary saving and material-need assistance for low-income residents.
The Danish pension system combines a residence-based state pension, income-tested supplements, ATP Lifelong Pension and broad occupational or personal pension saving.
The Dominican pension system is organized around mandatory individual capitalization accounts, supervised by SIPEN, with subsidized solidarity pensions for eligible vulnerable groups.
The Ecuadorian pension system is centered on IESS social insurance pensions, with MIES cash transfers supporting some older adults in poverty.
The Egyptian pension system is built around NOSI-administered social insurance pensions, with Takaful and Karama cash support forming a separate social protection layer for eligible households and older people.
The Estonian pension system combines a social-tax-financed state pension, a second-pillar funded pension, voluntary third-pillar saving and a national pension for people without enough service.
The Finnish pension system combines statutory earnings-related pensions with Kela national pension and guarantee pension support for residents with small pension income.
The French pension system combines statutory earnings-related pensions, mandatory supplementary pensions and ASPA means-tested support for older people with low resources.
The Georgian pension system combines a tax-financed state pension with a mandatory funded pension scheme and targeted social assistance for vulnerable households.
The German pension system is built around statutory pension insurance, with occupational and private pension saving used to supplement public earnings-related benefits.
The Ghanaian pension system combines the SSNIT old-age pension, mandatory and voluntary funded pension tiers, and LEAP cash transfers for extremely poor and vulnerable households including unsupported elderly people.
The Greek pension system combines an e-EFKA old-age pension made up of national and contributory components with targeted support for uninsured elderly people.
The Guyanese pension system combines National Insurance Scheme old age pension rights for contributors with a separate Ministry-administered old age pension and public assistance support.
The Hungarian pension system relies mainly on a mandatory public old-age pension linked to service history and earnings, with old-age allowance and other social support for people with very low income.
The Icelandic pension system combines public old-age pension rights, mandatory occupational pension funds, supplementary pension saving and income-tested supplements administered through the social insurance system.
The Indian pension system combines EPF and EPS for formal-sector workers, the National Pension System, Atal Pension Yojana and targeted old-age assistance under NSAP.
The Indonesian pension system uses BPJS Ketenagakerjaan employment social security programs, including old-age security and pension security, alongside limited non-contributory elderly support.
The Irish pension system separates the PRSI-based State Pension Contributory from the means-tested State Pension Non-Contributory and voluntary workplace or personal pension saving.
The Israeli pension system combines National Insurance old-age pension with mandatory retirement saving and an income supplement for low-income old-age pension recipients.
The Italian pension system is centered on INPS-administered public pensions, with supplementary occupational and individual pension saving available alongside the statutory system.
The Jamaican pension system combines National Insurance Scheme retirement pensions for contributors with a separate social pension for older citizens who meet assistance conditions.
The Japanese pension system has a two-tier public pension structure: National Pension coverage for residents and Employees' Pension Insurance for many workers.
The Jordanian pension system is based on Social Security Corporation old-age, disability and death insurance, with National Aid Fund cash assistance supporting poor and vulnerable households.
The Kazakh pension system combines state basic and solidarity pensions with mandatory accumulative pension savings through UAPF and targeted social assistance.
The Kenyan pension system combines NSSF retirement benefits, occupational and individual retirement schemes, and the Older Persons Cash Transfer under Inua Jamii for eligible older citizens.
The Kuwaiti pension system is administered by the Public Institution for Social Security, covering Kuwaiti citizens through old-age, disability, death and related social security protections.
The Latvian pension system combines state social insurance old-age pensions, a funded second pension level, voluntary third-level saving and state social security support for people without sufficient pension rights.
The Lithuanian pension system combines Sodra public old-age pension rights with funded pension accumulation, voluntary saving and social assistance pensions for people without sufficient social insurance entitlement.
The Luxembourg pension system is based on contributory pension insurance administered by CNAP, with social inclusion income support for people whose resources are below minimum thresholds.
The Malaysian pension system is centered on Employees Provident Fund saving for private-sector workers, with civil service pensions and Bantuan Warga Emas for older people in need.
The Maldivian pension system combines the Maldives Retirement Pension Scheme, a mandatory defined contribution arrangement, with the Old Age Basic Pension for eligible senior citizens.
The Maltese pension system combines Social Security contribution-based retirement pensions with non-contributory age pension and social assistance benefits for eligible residents.
The Mauritian pension system combines a universal Basic Retirement Pension, contributory National Pensions Fund benefits and social aid for severe hardship.
The Mexican pension system combines IMSS old-age and advanced-age pensions, AFORE individual retirement accounts, public worker schemes and the Pension for Older Adults.
The Moldovan pension system is administered by CNAS and links old-age pensions to contribution periods, while state social allowances support some people without sufficient pension entitlement.
The Nepali pension system combines formal-sector contribution-based social security and public-sector pension arrangements with a separate old age allowance for eligible senior citizens.
The Dutch pension system combines the residence-based AOW state pension with large occupational pension funds, voluntary saving and the AIO supplement for people with low income and incomplete AOW.
The New Zealand pension system centers on NZ Super, a public pension from age 65 with residence rules, supplemented by KiwiSaver and targeted means-tested support.
The Nigerian pension system is built around the Contributory Pension Scheme and individual Retirement Savings Accounts, with personal pension coverage for informal workers and public senior support outside pension accounts.
The Norwegian pension system combines National Insurance retirement pension rights with mandatory occupational pensions, AFP arrangements and a supplementary benefit for older people with short residence.
The Omani pension system is managed through the Social Protection Fund, combining contributory old-age, disability and death insurance with a separate Old Age Benefit for Omanis aged 60 and above.
The Pakistani pension system includes Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution coverage for eligible private-sector workers, separate public-sector pensions and targeted social assistance through BISP.
The Panamanian pension system is based on Caja de Seguro Social old-age pensions for insured workers, with the 120 a los 65 programme supporting older adults without a pension in vulnerable conditions.
The Paraguayan pension system combines IPS contribution-based retirement with a separate old-age food pension for older people in poverty.
The Peruvian pension system combines the ONP-administered National Pension System, private AFP accounts and Pension 65 support for older adults in extreme poverty.
The Philippine pension system combines SSS retirement benefits for private-sector members, GSIS pensions for public employees and a social pension for indigent senior citizens.
The Polish pension system is built around ZUS old-age pensions from the Social Insurance Fund, with occupational and voluntary saving plus means-tested social assistance outside pension insurance.
The Portuguese pension system combines contributory old-age pensions from social security with a social old-age pension for people without sufficient contribution records and low resources.
The Qatari pension system provides retirement pensions through the General Retirement and Social Insurance Authority for covered citizens, with a separate social security pension for eligible citizens in need.
The Romanian pension system combines a public contributory pension, a mandatory private pension pillar for covered workers, voluntary saving and minimum-income support for pensioners with low benefits.
The Saudi pension system is administered mainly through GOSI annuity coverage for Saudi workers, with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development operating developed social security support for eligible residents.
The Serbian pension system is centered on public pension and disability insurance for employees, self-employed people and farmers, with social protection outside the pension calculation.
The Singapore pension system is built around mandatory Central Provident Fund savings, CPF LIFE payouts and targeted government support such as the Silver Support Scheme.
The Slovak pension system combines public pension insurance administered by the Social Insurance Agency with second-pillar funded saving, voluntary saving and minimum-income support outside the core pension formula.
The Slovenian pension system is based on mandatory pension and disability insurance administered by ZPIZ, with voluntary supplementary saving and social assistance for people with insufficient means.
The South African pension system relies on the means-tested Older Person's Grant for public old-age support and a separate occupational retirement fund sector for covered workers.
The South Korean pension system combines the National Pension Scheme, employer retirement benefits, private saving and the Basic Pension for many lower-income older people.
The Spanish pension system combines contributory Social Security retirement pensions with non-contributory pensions for older residents in need.
The Sri Lankan pension system relies heavily on the Employees' Provident Fund for private and semi-government workers, with public-sector pensions and targeted welfare benefits such as Aswesuma and elderly allowance.
The Swedish pension system combines a national public pension with widespread occupational pensions and optional private savings.
The Swiss pension system uses three pillars: OASI public insurance, compulsory occupational pension funds and private provision, with supplementary benefits for people whose income does not cover minimum living costs.
The Thai pension system combines Social Security Fund old-age benefits for covered workers, provident fund saving and an old-age allowance for older people outside statutory pension coverage.
The Trinidad and Tobago pension system combines National Insurance retirement benefits for contributors with a Senior Citizens' Pension grant for eligible older persons who meet income and residence rules.
The Turkish pension system combines SGK social insurance old-age pensions, voluntary private pension saving and a means-tested 65 age allowance for older people in need.
The United Arab Emirates pension system centers on GPSSA social insurance for Emirati citizens in covered work, with separate social welfare programmes for eligible citizens including older people.
The UK pension system combines the State Pension with workplace pensions that most eligible employees are automatically enrolled into.
The US pension system combines federal Social Security retirement benefits with employer plans, 401(k) plans, individual retirement accounts, and other private savings.
The Uruguayan pension system combines BPS social insurance, AFAP mandatory individual saving and a non-contributory old-age pension for older adults without sufficient resources.
The Uzbek pension system is administered through the Off-budgetary Pension Fund and combines state pension provision with benefits and allowances for people who do not qualify for a contributory pension.
The Vietnamese pension system is built around compulsory and voluntary social insurance pensions, with the 2024 Social Insurance Law adding a state-budget social pension benefit for older people without pension income.
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